Vision and Hearing Impairments 👀👂
By: Allie Friedman
Description of vision impairments disability-
IDEA ‘04 Definition: visual impairments, including blindness , means that there is an impairment in vision that even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness.
Different types of vision loss:
Peripheral Vision (tunnel vision, restricted central vision )
Visual Acuity
Three factors in impaired vision
Degree of loss ( low vision and blindness)
Age of onset (cognitive blindness , adventitious blindness )
The type of loss ( conditions of the eye, eye muscles, cornea, iris , lens, retina, and the optic nerve)
Blind Students :
Read braille
Orientation and mobility
Social skills
Students with low vision:
Read standard print / enlarged print
The majority of these students learn to read , write, and use vision to function in society.
Causes-
~caused by genetics
~medical technology now either corrects or lessons the impact of a visual disability
~medical technology adds to the number of visual disabilities by expanding the survival rates of baby’s with multiple disabilities and premature baby’s.
Prevention-
~Safety precautions ( avoiding eye injuries at all costs) .
~Consistent and early treatments.
~Having the proper access to healthcare.
Teaching Students with Visual Loss
Curriculum targets include:
-Life Skills
-Independence Skills
-Orientation and Mobility
Literacy
The Methods of reading and writing include:
-Enlarged print
-Braille
-Print to voice translations
Strategies that can be implemented to support them in the classroom, including partnerships with families and communities:
Instructional Accommodations (extended time, detailed descriptions of instruction, reduction/changes made to the assignment , and use of computers)
Lighting adjustments
Seating adjustments
Making text bigger on assignments
Use of optical Devices ( includes magnifiers, glasses, telescopes)
Electronic video magnifiers ( includes handheld , portable, desktop, visiobook)
bold/ raised line paper , bold marker
Writing guides
Auditory supports ( includes scan and read systems, built in screen readers, talking scientific and graphing calculators)
Literacy softwares ( includes dual color highlighting, word prediction, synthesized speech , and graphic organizers)
Braille materials present
Barrier free environments
Cozy classroom settings
Good communication on everyone's end is KEY
Help the students become Independent
Help the student with their social and fine and gross skills
Student needs guidance for there mobility skills and cognition skills to be developed
There needs to be strong partnerships made between the parents and educators mainly to help these students overcome their difficulties.
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Description of hearing impairments disability :
People who are deaf:
Have profound hearing loss
Can barely hear, even with a hearing aid, and can be divided into being congenitally deaf, pre lingually deaf, and post lingually deaf.
People who are hard of hearing:
They have loss of hearing that impairs their understanding of communication along with sounds.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEARING LOSS:
Conductive Hearing Loss: When sound waves can’t travel into the inner ear
Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Is caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.
Difference between Deaf (capital D) and deaf (lower case d)
Deaf:
Don’t use oral language
Are members that are part of a community
Are not considered to be “disabled” but are considered to be a part of a minority group by its members.
ASL is used as the primary language
deaf:
Use oral communication sometimes
83% of children who are deaf , have parents that can hear
Causes and Prevention:
Some of the known causes:
Heredity and genetics
Meningitis
Otitis media
Noise
Ways to prevent:
Immunizations
Noise abatement
Overcoming these challenges:
Hearing Aids- These heighten sounds for people who struggle with hearing… There’s two different types of hearing aids: Analog AND Digital… analog hearing aids make sounds louder ( background noises and speech) … digital hearing aids automatically adjust the volume by increasing noises to the degree that’s necessary.
Cochlear Implants- These are implanted surgically with four parts included within the implant. There’s a microphone, speech processor, transmitter and an electrode array included within the implant.
Strategies that can be implemented to support them in the classroom, including partnerships with families and communities:
Early intervention
Hearing Screening (part of the pre referral process)
Auditory Assessments
Hearing Aids/ Cochlear implants
Instructional Accommodations (Teacher’s communications, additional teacher assistance, assistance from other classmates)
Make sure to take different types of educational approaches for students who are deaf or hard of hearing ( Cued Speech, manual communications only, oral methods only, try the bilingual/bicultural approach, and have total communication throughout the classroom)
Technology !!
-Assistive Devices made for listening: Frequency modulated transmission devices (FM) , hearing aids, and cochlear implants
-Telecommunication Devices: Captions (cc) (oc), rear window captioning , and telephones.
-Alerting Devices: For security and safety purposes
Helping people with hearing impairments be able to transition from school to work programs would be beneficial and would improve adult outcomes such as:
-earning a fair and good wage
- making jobs more enjoyable for people with these disabilities
- creating a high success rate for Gallaudet graduates
-obtaining fair employment.
** It's important for teachers and educational interpreters to be able to work together as a team. They need to be able to plan and organize together, set up meetings, and manage and organize the classroom.**
Some examples on what teachers and educational interpreters need to work on together are:
** It’s also really important for families to accept their child and make them feel included**
~it’s completely normal for families to be experiencing stress with the adjustments that they have to make, but they should start developing coping strategies quickly.
Cited Sources:
Hearing Loss In The Classroom, Pediatric Audiology Project, 27 Sept. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ln8NHzVfJkQ&t=2s. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022.
Tips for Teaching Deaf Children with a Mild Hearing Loss, National Deaf Children's Society, 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=jylb7TDn2Tk.
“Assistive Technology for Visual Impairments or Blindness.” Performance by Kimberly Berry, Oklahoma ABLE Tech Assistive Technology and Information, 2014.
Smith, Deborah Deutsch. “Chapter 10 Deaf and Hard of Hearing .” Introduction to Special Education: Making a Difference, edited by Naomi Chowdhuri Tyler, Seventh edition ed., Pearson, 2010, pp. 1–23.
Smith, Deborah Deutsch. “Chapter 11.” Introduction to Special Education: Making a Difference, edited by Naomi Chowdhuri Tyler, Seventh edition edPearson, 2010, pp. 1–19.
Nus, Duke. “Treating Vision and Hearing Problems Early Can Contribute to Longer Years in Good Health among Older Adults.” Singapore General Hospital, Tomorrow's Medicine, 15 Aug. 2019, www.google.com/search?q=vision+and+hearing+impairment&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwixiebpy7D3AhUQHd8KHTQtBb0Q2-cCegQIABAA&oq=vision+and+hearing+impairment&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIFCAAQgAQyBAgAEBhQ9gZY9gZgzQhoAHAAeACAAU2IAY8BkgEBMpgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=50xnYvH5JpC6_Aa02pToCw&bih=727&biw=1316&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS922US922#imgrc=xgi2tP8jCbKHLM&imgdii=Utuzacjz8_LbsM.
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